The global shift in diets towards ultra-processed foods is a concerning trend that is impacting the health of populations worldwide. A recent study by researchers at Imperial College London sheds light on the issue of the ‘double burden of malnutrition’ (DBM), where both overnutrition and undernutrition coexist within the same population, household, or even individuals.
The study, which looked at household-level DBM in 55 low- and middle-income countries, found that inequality in DBM distribution is associated with the wealth of the country. In poorer countries, DBM is more likely to exist in richer households, while in wealthier countries, DBM is more common in poorer households. This complex relationship between wealth and DBM highlights the impact of globalisation on dietary habits and nutrition.
Globalisation plays a significant role in influencing what people eat, with economic factors such as trade and investment policies determining food availability and cost. Social aspects of globalisation, such as advertising and social media, also influence people’s food preferences and behaviors. As countries transition towards more westernized diets, the consumption of ultra-processed foods increases, leading to higher rates of obesity and dietary deficiencies.
To address the double burden of malnutrition, policies that target both overnutrition and undernutrition simultaneously are needed. Recognizing the impact of global trade policies on public health and regulating corporate activities in the food sector are essential steps towards improving nutrition in low- and middle-income countries. Context-specific policies that consider the needs of different communities are also crucial in addressing the complex issue of DBM.
Moving forward, further research is needed to understand the underlying factors driving dietary changes and to develop comprehensive strategies to combat the double burden of malnutrition. By recognizing the interconnected nature of overnutrition and undernutrition, we can work towards creating a healthier future for all.